Involves the surveying, planning, design, construction and maintenance of works for new or reconstruction of ports and channel
Activities include improvement of water flow pattern, channel widening and deepening, canal improvement, debris removal, dredging and excavation. Submarine blasting; underwater drilling and blasting; and containment blasting are the 3 techniques involved. Blast vibrations impact the safety of neighbouring building structures adversely, hence precaution like the blasting zone, explosives used should be closely monitored.
A breakwater is a coastal structure projecting into the sea that serves to facilitate safe berthing of vessels from inclement weather. It is also critical of shoreline protection and countering subsidence to prevent siltation of a navigation channel.
It is of paramount importance to seafarers for safe navigation. Demarcation buoys and mooring buoys act as a safety barrier for channel marking, anchorage ground, dangerous shoal and other hazards.
Transportation via inland waterways remains vital in today’s world. Natural or artificial waterways (canals) provides drainage, navigation, irrigation, water supply, and hydroelectric power generation. Projects include dredging, bank protection & etc.
